Kinza Aleem1, Muhammad Imran2, Shagufta Bashir2, Ayesha Pernia1, Mehak Manzoor1, Muhammad Sameer Anwar2, Minahel Akbar1 and Iqra Munawar1
1Department of Zoology, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan 2Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: m.imran26394@gmail.com
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major pest that can cause significant yield losses in various crops worldwide. Traditional chemical control measures have proven to be ineffective and unsustainable, leading to an urgent need for alternative management strategies. Agronomic practices, such as crop rotation, intercropping, and tillage, can reduce the pest's impact on crops. Biological control measures, such as the use of natural enemies, microbial agents, and pheromone traps, have also shown promise in managing fall armyworm infestations. Biotechnological approaches, including the use of RNA interference and transgenic plants expressing insecticidal proteins, have demonstrated potential in controlling fall armyworm populations. Despite their promising results, these management strategies require further research and development to optimize their efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and environmental safety. Integration of multiple management strategies is likely to provide the most sustainable and effective approach to manage fall armyworm infestations in agricultural systems.