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This study assessed soil physicochemical properties under agroforestry practices in Lemo District, Hadiya Zone, southern Ethiopia. Two peasant associations (kebeles) were purposively selected, and 105 households from three wealth categories were randomly sampled. Soil samples were collected from agroforestry plots and monocropping fields at depths of 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm and analysed at the Wachemo soil laboratory. Soil properties were evaluated using a general linear model in SAS 9.2, with the least significant difference (LSD) test applied for mean separation at p < 0.05. Results indicated higher soil moisture, organic matter, pH, available phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity under agroforestry systems compared to monocropping. Bulk density was lower, likely due to increased porosity associated with higher organic matter content, while soil texture remained unchanged. Elevated nitrogen levels in homegardens and rangelands were attributed to nitrogen-fixing trees and organic matter inputs. The study recommends promoting homegarden agroforestry and further research to enhance its role in sustainable soil management. Keywords: Agroforestry practices; soil physicochemical properties, mono-cropping, Ethiopia