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In order to study changes occurring in the morphogenetic soil profile and fertility indicators, the influence of grapevine cultivation on the physicochemical and agronomic properties of soil under irrigated conditions in the arid subtropical regions of Azerbaijan was investigated. It was found that the amount of nutrients in the soil was relatively higher in the N150, P150, K150 variant, when comparing the variant in which mineral fertilizers were applied at a high rate (N150, P150, K150) with the equivalent amount of N100, P125, K90+10 t/ha manure in researches conducted with “Tabrizi” and “Cardinal” grape varieties on irrigated grey-brown and light grey-brown soils. It was established that soil fertility improved as a result of the mineralization of pruning residues and fallen leaves. A laboratory experiment was conducted by mixing the ground pruning materials and fallen leaves in the soil. After complete mineralization over a period of 18 months, absorbed ammonia increased from 21.68 mg/kg to 22.82 mg/kg, nitrate nitrogen from 7.38 mg/kg to 8.05 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus from 19.41 mg/kg to 21.11 mg/kg, and exchangeable potassium from 286 mg/kg to 294.0 mg/kg. Nutrients contained in atmospheric precipitation and irrigation water also had a positive effect on soil fertility. With atmospheric precipitation, 5.85 kg/ha of mineral nitrogen, 1.41 kg/ha of water-soluble phosphorus, 2.95 kg/ha of potassium, and with irrigation water, 3.21