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This article comprehensively examines the biomass and productivity of Persicaria amphibia (L.)., a dominant hydrophilic plant widespread in various types of water bodies in the Samarkand region. The study was conducted at sites across the region with diverse hydrological and ecological conditions, including the Taylak, F. Kasimov, Akdarya Reservoir and Zarafshan National Nature Park. These sites differ in water supply levels, water level stability, water exchange rates, and substrate composition. P. amphibia (Polygonoideae), an aquatic macrophyte rich in dietary polyphenolics, is used as a traditional remedy and culinary herb. Nevertheless, P. amphibia from the Balkan region has been insufficiently studied and underutilized. Here, the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties of the previously chemically characterised ethanol extract of P. amphibia aerial parts were tested. The following methods were carried out: the MTT assay, qRT-PCR, microdilution assay, Chromobacterium violaceum screening assay (monitoring of quorum sensing, QS) and the agar plating method (antifungal activity). The study was conducted to determine the cytotoxic effects of P. amphibia against lung cancer cells (A549) and its combination with cytostatic doxorubicin (Dox). A dose-dependent decrease in cell viability (up to 82% reduction) and additive interactions of the tested agents were noted. Both alone and combined with Dox, P. amphibia reduced the expression of Nrf2 (p LT 0.05). In terms of antimicrobial effects, P. amphibia exhibited an antipathogenic effect since it disrupted QS communication, which was evident throu