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Water resources in the Republic of Karakalpakstan are relatively abundant compared to other regions of Uzbekistan; however, their efficient use is limited by environmental and hydrological constraints. Amu Darya River represents the main freshwater source supporting irrigated agriculture and aquaculture production. Climate change effects in Central Asia are especially evident in lower reaches of this river, leading to alterations in hydrological regimes and affecting ecological stability of aquatic ecosystems. Under these conditions, aquaculture has become a strategically important sector contributing to regional food security and economic development. Currently, more than 130 fish farms operate across approximately 82,300ha, producing nearly 20,000t of marketable fish annually. Algae constitute an essential component of aquatic ecosystems and play a key role in regulating water quality, trophic conditions, and biological productivity in aquaculture ponds. Investigation of algal biodiversity, community composition, and ecological distribution under different environmental conditions provides valuable information on ecosystem functioning and productivity potential. Application of indicator-saprobic algae enables reliable assessment of ecological and sanitary status of water bodies and serves as an effective tool for biomonitoring. Analysis of algal communities allows identification of ecological changes, evaluation of anthropogenic influences, and improvement of aquaculture management strategies. Comprehensive assessment of algal flora therefore provides a scientific basis for water quality mon