Nighat Zahra 1, Muhammad Abullah Qureshi 1,*, Lubabah Numan 2, Rao Zahid Abbas 3, Muhammad Husnain 1, Zohaib Saeed 4 and Zuha Fatima 1
1Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 2Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan; 3Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 4Multan College of Veterinary Sciences, Multan University of Science and Technology, Multan, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: abdullah5902070@gmail.com
Bovine salmonellosis is a highly pathogenic food-borne zoonotic disease. The etiological agent of bovine salmonellosis is Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin). S. Dublin is a highly resistant pathogen that can survive in the harsh conditions of the host and the environment. Bovine salmonellosis poses a significant threat to the economic losses and public health. S. Dublin causes serious health problems, including septicemia, enteritis, and abortion. Bovine salmonellosis is highly prevalent in young calves, causing significant mortality. Beyond its impact on animal health, salmonellosis causes severe economic losses. Multiple factors contribute to the economic losses, including treatment costs, a decline in milk production, and a high risk of outbreaks in the herd. There are multiple routes for the transmission of S. Dublin, including contaminated water, feed, fecal material, and the environment. However, fecal material contaminated with S. Dublin pathogens is considered a primary route for transmission. The pathogenesis of bovine salmonellosis includes highly complex patterns of pathogen and host interactions. To control bovine salmonellosis, it is a need to understand the epidemiological aspects and develop effective control strategies. This review highlights the public health and economic significance of bovine salmonellosis, its clinical manifestations, and diagnostic tools for identification and eradication.