Muhammad Ifham Naeem ¹,*, Abdul Rehman ², Rabia Zahid ³, Urva Tehseen ³, Zarneela Arbab ³, Shamreza Aziz ¹, Tayyaba Akhtar ¹, Hafiz Manzoor Ahmad 4, Muhammad Rafi Ullah 4, Qaiser Akram â´, Maria Asghar ¹, Kinza Tanveer ¹, Muhammad Omar Anjum ¹ and Muhammad Aeraf âµ
¹KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub-campus UVAS Lahore, Pakistan ²Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore, Pakistan ³Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan â´Department of Clinical Sciences, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub-campus UVAS Lahore, Pakistan 5Department of Pathobiology, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Sub-campus UVAS Lahore, Pakistan 6Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-Lahore, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: afhamnaim4@gmail.com
During the wake of infectious diseases, they were the arch nemesis of physicians. People used to die even due to the slightest of diseases. Any infection even as small as a regular fever sometimes meant the loss of life. Soon, the researchers came forward with antibiotics as the ultimate weapon against bacterial diseases. Mankind triumphed over diseases. The happiness of this success soon turned into a premonition of fear. The ultimate weapon of mankind was going blunt against bacteria due to the development of resistance in the bacteria for countering antibiotics. The bacteria once again started causing incurable infections that were reminiscent of the dark past mankind was trying to overcome. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) means bacteria’s ability to survive despite the application of antibiotic drugs in the effective vicinity. This means that the drugs that previously killed the bacteria easily are now unable to affect them. All this happened due to antibiotic misuse, allowing the bacteria to develop resistance. But the days of fear because of antimicrobial resistance will soon be left behind because nanotechnology is here to rescue us from this dire situation. If researched enough nanotechnology has various applications that can easily help us solve the antimicrobial resistance issue in a short time. Nanotechnology can not only help mankind in battling diseases by attacking microbes directly, but it also has several applications in various other fields. The advancements achieved through nanotechnology in diagnosis, treatment, and improved nutrition can all help us synergistically to combat the prevalence of diseases in our society. This review will delve into the deeper aspects of combating antimicrobial resistance using nanotechnology. A better explanation of antimicrobial resistance concepts will explain how AMR developed in bacteria and which mechanisms the bacteria adapt to nullify the effect of antibiotic effects. A better comprehension of bacterial resistance action will ultimately assist in understanding how the nanoparticles can be used to exploit those mechanisms for killing these pathogens.