Ruhina Iftikhar1, Sana Hafeez2, Sadaf Masood3, Amna Shaheen4 and Mehak Manzoor5
1Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan 2Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan 3Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 4Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan 5Department of Zoology, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: mehak.manzoor027@gmail.com
Rice, as a vital staple crop, faces significant challenges from pests that can cause substantial yield losses and jeopardize global food security. Conventional pest control methods, predominantly reliant on chemical pesticides, have raised concerns about environmental pollution, human health risks, and the development of pesticide-resistant pests. In response, there is a growing interest in adopting sustainable and eco-friendly approaches, such as biological management, to mitigate rice pest problems. Biological management utilizes natural enemies, ecological processes, and biopesticides to regulate pest populations and promote a balanced ecosystem in rice fields. This review highlights the importance and advantages of biological management in rice pest control. The approach offers long-term solutions while minimizing negative environmental impacts. By conserving and augmenting beneficial organisms, such as predators, parasitoids, pathogens, and antagonistic plants, biological management reduces the reliance on chemical pesticides, conserves biodiversity, and promotes sustainable agricultural practices. Strategies such as the augmentation and conservation of natural enemies, as well as the use of biopesticides, play significant roles in biological management. Biological management offers several key benefits. It provides effective and sustainable pest control solutions while minimizing harm to the environment and human health. Additionally, this approach enhances the long-term viability of pest management by reducing the risk of resistance development. Farmers adopting biological management practices can potentially reduce costs associated with chemical inputs, leading to increased profitability. Integrated pest management (IPM) that combines biological control with cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods further enhances the effectiveness and sustainability of rice pest management. Overall, biological management of rice pests represents a promising and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional pest control methods. By harnessing the power of natural enemies and ecological principles, it is possible to regulate pest populations effectively, maintain ecosystem balance, and ensure the productivity and resilience of rice cultivation. Implementing this approach requires a comprehensive understanding of pest ecology, natural enemy interactions, and the local agroecosystem. By embracing biological management, farmers can contribute to sustainable rice production and the overall well-being of the environment and society.