Muhammad Rafay 1,*, Muhammad Usman Ghaffar 1, Muhammad Abid 1,*, Zaffar Malik 2 and Muhammad Madnee 1
1Forestry, Range & Wildlife Management, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 2Department of Soil Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
*Corresponding author: rafay@iub.edu.pk (MR); abidfrw@gmail.com (MA)
Plants have been used as a source of food and medicines by man throughout history. Echinops echinatus was evaluated for phytochemicals and tested antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Anti-urease inhibition assay activities during the study. Cleaned the laminar flow cabin with 70% ethanol and performed ?-glucosidase inhibition activity according to the standard method with slight modification. Carbohydrates, phenols, and tannins were positive in leaves, stems, and roots. Saponins and glycosides were found in flowers, leaves, roots, and stems. At the same time, roots and stems revealed the presence of steroids. Terpenoids were found in flowers and leaves. The leaves showed the maximum inhibition zone of 10mm against K. pneumoniae, while against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa was found inactive. K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa were resistant to flowers extract. The root extract showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 18mm against S. aureus while against P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae inhibition zone was 15mm and 14mm, respectively. The extracts of leaves, flowers, roots, and stems showed positive results for ?-glucosidase. The roots extract showed maximum inhibition with 75.3±1.5 with an IC50 value of 207.3±1.3 for ?-glucosidase. Urease inhibitory activity of stem extracts showed maximum inhibition activity of 93.71±0.86 with IC50 value 15.63±0.42. In comparison, leaves and roots showed almost the same activity, 92.45±0.63 and 92.63±0.76, respectively. Echinops echinatus could be considered for further studies in the treatment of various ailments as a natural remedy.